Jain Dharm

                                        Jain Dharm  

    

Rishabhdev was the founder and first pilgrim of Jainism
.
There were 23 Parshvanath pilgrims of Jainism who were the sons of Ikshvaku Vashiya king Ashwaseen of Kashi, who accepted 

sanyas life at the age of 30 years. Education given by him - 1. Do not commit violence, 2. Always speak the truth, 3. Do not cheat, 4. Do not keep property.

Mahavir Swami was the 24th and last Tirthankar of Jainism.
Mahavir Swami was born in Kundagram (Vaishali) in 540 BC. His father Siddhartha was the chieftain of the known family and mother Trishala was the sister of King Chetak of Lichchavi.
Mahavir Swami's childhood name was Vardhaman. After the death of his parents, he took the permission of elder brother Nadivardhan and accepted renunciation at the age of 30 years.

After 12 years of hard penance, Mahavir Swami came to know the whole while doing penance under Salvriksha on the banks of river Rijupalika near Jrimbhik.
At this time Mahavira Swami Jin (Conqueror), Arhat (Pujya) and Nigrantha, were called bondless.

Mahavir Swami gave his sermon in Prakrit (Ardhamadhi) language.
The follower of Mahavir Swami was originally called Nigranth.
Mahavira Swamy's first follower became his son-in-law (Priyadarshini's husband) Jamil.
The first Jain nun was King Champa, daughter of Dadhiman.
Arya Sudharma was the only Gandharva who survived after Mahavira's death and became the first thera or chief preacher of Jainism.
Mahavir Swami was the headmistress of the mendicant union.

                Prominent Jain pilgrims and their insignia

     Jain Pilgrim                                                  Insignia

         Rishabhdev (First)                                       Bull

         Ajitnath (II)                                                  Elephant

         Possible (third)                                            horse

        Collateral (seventh)                                      swastika

        Shanti (sixteenth)                                         deer

       Arnath (Eighteenth)                                       Pisces

       Nami (21st)                                                   Nilkamal

      Arishtanemi                                                    Lateral snake                                       
     Mahavir (Chobisway)                                      Singh

Note- The names of two Jain pilgrims Rishabhdev and Arishtanemi are mentioned in the Rigveda. Arishtanemi is considered to be a close relative of Lord Krishna.

Magadha suffered a severe 12-year famine in about 300 BCE, due to which Bhadrabahu moved to Karnataka with his disciples but some followers stayed with Magulabhadra in Magadha. 
He was estranged from the Sadhus of Magadha when Bhadrabahu returned.
As a result, Jainism got divided into sects called Svetambar and Digambar.
Sthalabhadra's disciples Shvetambara (wearing white clothes)
The disciples of Bhadrabahu are called Digambaras (living naked). 

                                  Jain Sangeetiya

Music               year                venue                        president

first           300 BC       Pataliputra                     kshudrabhadra 

2nd           6th century       Bllbhi                       Kshamasravan

The gems of Jainism are - right philosophy, right knowledge, right conduct.
In the practice of Triratna, following five different Mahabratos is mandatory - Ahisa, Satyavakha, Astaya, Aparigraha and Bahmacharya.

There is no belief of God in Jainism, Jainism is a belief of soul.
Mahavira believed in reincarnation and karmaism.
Jainism derived its spiritual views from Sankhya philosophy.
The kings who adopted Jainism were Udine, Vadaraja, Chandragupta Maurya, Kanlig Naresh Kharavel, Rashtrakuta king Amoghavarsha, Chandel rulers etc.

Jain temples in Khajraho were built by the Chandela rulers.
The huge Bahubali idol (statue of Gomateshwara) was built in the middle of the 10th century at Mantri Chamund Shravanvel Gola of the Ganga dynasty of Mysore.
Mathura was a popular center of Jainism in the post-Mauryan era, Mathura art is related to Jainism.
The biographies of Jain pilgrims are in Kalpasutra composed by Bhadrabahu.

Mahavira Swami died at the age of 72 (Nirvana) in 468 BCE in Pavapuri (Rajgir) of Vihar state. Mahavir Swami Nirvana was attained in the Rajaprasad of Mallaraja Srishtipal.